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In his remarks, the Secretary of the Jambi Provincial Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) highlighted the importance of increasing private sector participation in generating Emission Reduction (ER) within the BioCF ISFL program framework for 2025. Since entering the Pre-Investment phase in 2022, Jambi Province has allocated a budget of IDR 82.38 billion, with support from five key regional agencies: Bappeda, the TPHP Office, the Plantation Office, the Environmental Office, and the Forestry Office.
This meeting specifically discussed the implementation of the Community Service (TJSLBU)/CSR program that supports emission reduction and showcased best practices in CSR fund management in various regions. The main objective was to build synergy and synchronization between the government and businesses so that CSR becomes an integral part of regional development.
The Strategic Role of the Social Service and the Community Service Forum
The Head of the Jambi Province Social Service and Civil Registration Agency (Dukcapil), represented by the Head of the Social Empowerment Division, emphasized the Social Service's role in providing guidance, supervision, and capacity development for businesses in implementing Community Service (TJSLBU). Based on Ministerial Regulation Number 9 of 2020, every business entity is required to periodically report CSR activities to the government, with reports containing program information, budgets, and activity documentation.
In 2024, various initiatives implemented with CSR funding, such as road infrastructure improvements and the procurement of transportation for official operations, demonstrated the business sector's tangible contribution to regional development. The Jambi Province Community Service Forum is also developing a web-based system to strengthen its database and enhance the professionalism of its administrators until 2027.
Active Regency/City Involvement
A presentation from the Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) revealed that the implementation of Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSLP) has become part of the regional development strategy. Although not yet optimally coordinated, the local government has made various efforts to ensure more active and targeted corporate involvement. From the village development planning meeting (Musrenbangdes) to the proposal of priority programs, companies are directed to fund activities that cannot be covered by the regional budget (APBD).
The Tanjung Jabung Timur Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) also emphasized the importance of synergy between CSR and regional programs. Their CSR policy, stipulated in Regional Regulation No. 13 of 2013, is geared toward addressing the real needs of the community, with a focus on strengthening the economy, socio-cultural environment, and developing village infrastructure.
Discussion: Challenges and Recommendations
The discussion forum revealed common challenges across various regencies/cities, particularly in reporting and coordination with companies. Several regions, such as Sarolangun and Batanghari, complained about a lack of reporting from business entities and low private sector awareness in supporting government programs.
In response, several strategies from other regions were outlined. Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, for example, encourages intensive communication and provides annual awards to active companies as a token of appreciation. Meanwhile, in Tanjung Jabung Timur, direct communication between the regional head and company leaders is considered effective in increasing participation.
The Way Forward: Regulations and Standardization
As a follow-up, the Jambi Provincial Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) plans to draft a Governor's Regulation (Pergub) as a derivative of the Provincial CSR Regulation. This Regulation will regulate coordination mechanisms, the role of the facilitation team, and an integrated reporting system. Furthermore, the management of the Jambi Provincial CSR Forum will be overhauled to improve coordination effectiveness.
The Jambi Provincial Social Services Agency is also mandated to strengthen monitoring and evaluation of CSR implementation at the district/city level. Regional governments are also asked to adjust their regulations to align with national regulations, particularly Social Affairs Ministerial Regulation No. 9 of 2020.
2025 Focus: Social and Environmental Improvement
Jambi Province is committed to directing CSR funds to two main targets: reducing carbon emissions and improving social welfare. Twelve categories of community groups are prioritized as beneficiaries, ranging from vulnerable children, neglected elderly, people with disabilities, disaster victims, to the poor and remote indigenous communities.
CSR is no longer merely a corporate formality; it has become a strategic part of sustainable development. Through synergy between the government and businesses, Jambi Province hopes to realize inclusive, green, and sustainable development that favors the community and the environment.
Conclusion
This meeting serves as the initial step to unify perceptions and take concrete steps to integrate CSR into the regional development agenda. Cross-sectoral synergy and strong regulations are expected to make Jambi a model for successful and sustainable CSR implementation in Indonesia.
Input from Technical OPDs: Field Challenges
A representative from the Environmental Agency (DLH), Adi, reported that monitoring and evaluation (monev) activities for safeguards presented a particular challenge. "Many activities were conducted in the field, while the use of budgets for vehicle rentals was a finding during the audit," he said. Furthermore, the DLH is also responsible for implementing customary territory recognition and public consultations involving various stakeholders. From the Forestry Agency's perspective, budget efficiency issues have led to shifts in official travel. Forest Management Units (KPH) also voiced concerns. "KPHs are afraid that once the program is underway, they won't be able to reimburse," said the agency representative. The Plantation Agency noted that the projected 2025 budget is approximately IDR 985 million, allocated for five priority activities. While the figure is not large, clarity and timeliness of implementation remain key concerns.
Regulatory Barriers and Administrative Solutions
According to Agus Sunardi of the Regional Revenue and Finance Management Agency (BPKPD), political dynamics at the Budget Agency (Banggar) level are one of the main obstacles. Nevertheless, he is optimistic that the APBD can be finalized on September 24, with ratification scheduled for September 26. "After ratification, the documents will be sent to the Ministry of Home Affairs three days later. We estimate that the revised budget can be executed between October 27-31," Agus explained. He also emphasized that the reimbursement process has a one-month deadline and that the verification process is expected to be completed by December. Regarding the issue of official vehicle use, the BPKPD reminded that based on the latest presidential regulation, only regional heads and heads of agencies are permitted to use rented vehicles for official activities. To avoid audit findings, efficient operational vehicle management among regional government agencies (OPDs) is recommended. Regarding the budget increase from IDR 4 billion to IDR 6 billion, Agus stated that the additional IDR 2 billion can be immediately distributed to technical SKPDs. "We will also strive to ensure that the DLH's findings are categorized as administrative findings, not serious violations," he added.
Recommendations and Strategic Steps
The coordination meeting also produced several important recommendations:
- The program application process from villages must go through the stages of allocation, activity proposal, verification, and approval by the province and the ministry.
- Criteria for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) include domicile in the region, a minimum of 7 years of organizational age, and a minimum of 5 years of experience in the relevant field.
- The Provincial BSM Team has been formed and is currently updating the training module.
- SOPs related to benefits identification, risk mitigation, and LEMTARA selection have been developed.
- A draft Gubernatorial Regulation has been prepared and is being finalized.
- The technical team is also developing implementation guidelines (juklak) and technical guidelines (juknis).
- Validation of NGOs and universities is carried out to ensure credibility and avoid conflicts of interest.
- The preparation of the BSP documents, SOPs, operational guidelines, and technical guidelines needs to be expedited so they are ready before funds are transferred or the Emission Reduction Payment Agreement (ERPA) is signed.
- Recognition of customary territories through a Regent's Decree is a priority so that indigenous peoples' demands can be legally accommodated.
- Adjustment of official travel schedules between the central and regional governments needs to be considered for greater effectiveness and efficiency.
Given the various technical, administrative, and political challenges faced, cross-sector collaboration and accelerated decision-making are key to the successful implementation of the BioCF-ISFL program in Jambi Province. Commitment from all parties to aligning policies, budgets, and field implementation is essential to achieve maximum results in 2025 and 2026.
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Several years ago, Rawa Bento was known not for its beauty, but for its serenity, often marred by illegal activity. Bird hunting and fish poisoning were commonplace—an irony amidst a natural landscape that should be preserved.
But everything began to change when a group of local youth took the initiative. They formed the Rawa Bento Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis), with the spirit of protecting nature while creating new economic opportunities for local residents. With support from Kerinci Seblat National Park, the group began developing the swamp area into a conservation-based tourism destination.
Initially, they only had a rowboat to take tourists along the lake. Visitor numbers were very limited. Promotion was minimal: they simply distributed their contact information to several homestays in the Kayu Aro area. Surprisingly, it was foreign tourists who were the first to come. They sought tranquility, natural beauty, and an authentic experience—all of which Rawa Bento offers.
But a turning point came in 2021. Through the BioCarbon Fund (BioCF) program, the group received two motorboats. Access became easier, and the tourism experience became more comfortable. At the same time, they began actively using social media to introduce Rawa Bento to the wider community.
The results were remarkable. From just two to three visitors per week, Rawa Bento now receives an average of 70 visitors per week. Not only foreign tourists but also local tourists began arriving, attracted by the beauty of the swamp, which is also known as a habitat for rare wild birds.
More than just tourism, the presence of the Rawa Bento Tourism Group (Pokdarwis) has created a positive domino effect: environmentally destructive practices have disappeared, the community has gained additional income, and awareness of the importance of conservation has increased.
Today, Rawa Bento is proof that big changes can start with small steps. From the slow pace of a paddle on calm waters, to the sound of an engine that brings hope.
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In the past, farmers in this village used to trek deep into the forest to find seedlings. If they were unlucky, they had to buy them at high prices—an added burden amidst the challenges of living on land that was often insufficiently fertile due to limited fertilizer and maintenance. However, everything began to change when the Merangin KPHP arrived with a rehabilitation program funded by BioCF ISFL.
In 2024, 25,000 seedlings were distributed to Jangkat Village. These seedlings included coffee, cinnamon, avocado, and several other commodities. This assistance wasn't just a figure on paper; it came in the form of young plants that now reforest the community's land.
"We used to have to get seeds from the forest, and even then, they wouldn't necessarily grow well. Now we have high-quality seeds, free of charge, and we also provide fertilizer," said one farmer as he cleared weeds around his two-month-old coffee plants.
This program is aimed at farmers with a maximum of two hectares of land, with the total seed distribution area in a single village not exceeding 50 hectares. This approach not only supports smallholder farmers but also maintains a balance so that rehabilitation is sustainable and controlled.
In addition to seeds and fertilizer, each participating farmer also receives a planting incentive worth IDR 2,000,000. This money provides additional encouragement and helps meet basic needs during the initial planting period, which is usually not yet productive.
However, most importantly, the shift in mindset that is slowly starting to develop with these young plants. While previously clearing forests was considered the only way to expand land and increase yields, now farmers are realizing that preserving the forest while increasing productivity on existing land is a wiser approach.
"If our land used to be under-yielding, we would clear the forest. But now, just take care of what we have. Plant good seeds, apply fertilizer, and God willing, the results will be better," said another farmer, with a confident smile rarely seen recently.
Jangkat Village is now a reflection of the hope that has emerged from a program that directly addresses the root causes of problems: access, the economy, and the environment. Slowly, this village is planting more than just trees—they are planting the future.
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With a total of 317 members, this cooperative has led 100 farmers into a new era of oil palm plantation management. They are part of a group of independent farmers who have now obtained ISPO certification—a significant milestone that ensures their agricultural practices meet national sustainability standards.
Better Prices, Better Lives
ISPO certification isn't just about paperwork. Its tangible benefits are felt directly by farmers. Before certification, members of the Jaya Indah Bersama Cooperative (KUD) could only sell Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) to middlemen or collectors at lower self-help prices. Now, with certification, the cooperative has access to sell FFB to large corporate partners at the reference price set by the Plantation Office (Disbun) — a significant leap in increasing farmers' incomes.
The price difference between certified and non-certified palm oil can reach IDR 400 to IDR 500 per kilogram, a significant difference for smallholder farmers. With harvests every 15 to 20 days, and yields ranging from 3 to 7 tons per member, this price increase has a direct impact on the well-being of farming families.
A More Organized System
The palm oil collection process is now carried out in an organized manner. Each member deposits their harvest to the Jaya Indah Bersama Cooperative (KUD), which then manages its distribution to the Palm Oil Mill (PKS). Although an operational fee of IDR 85,000 is charged, this system is far more transparent and profitable than selling individually.
ISPO certification is valid for five years, but to maintain it, the cooperative is required to undergo annual audits. This process ensures that palm oil cultivation practices continue to adhere to sustainable principles, from environmental and social aspects to business management.
Challenges and Hopes
The cooperative chairman, in a brief interview, stated that the journey to certification was not always easy. "It takes time and guidance to change farmers' habits, especially regarding record-keeping and waste management," he said. However, he is optimistic that the number of certified members will continue to grow in the near future.
Now, KUD Jaya Indah Bersama is not only a place to gather and sell their harvest, but has become a symbol that smallholder palm oil farmers can thrive and be competitive—as long as they are given the right opportunities and guidance.
The story of KUD Jaya Indah Bersama is concrete evidence that ISPO certification is more than just a formality. It is a bridge to fairer, more environmentally friendly, and more profitable agriculture for farmers.
On a cool morning in Laman Panjang Village, Bathin III Ulu District, Bungo Regency, the aroma of fresh coffee wafts from the farmers' homes. The aroma, once enjoyed only at harvest time and never released from the grain, now finds its way into neatly labeled packages: Laman Panjang Village Coffee.
Few would have imagined this significant change would occur in just a matter of months.
Previously, the farmer group, which is part of the Agam Maju Bersama Coffee Cooperative (KUPS Kopi Agam Maju Bersama), could only sell their coffee in its raw form—grains that were simply dried and then taken to middlemen. With a selling price of only around IDR 55,000 per kilogram, a harvest of two tons of raw coffee yielded only between IDR 20 million and IDR 40 million. This wasn't a small amount, but it was far from its true potential.
"At that time, we didn't know how to process coffee into powder. So, we could only sell it as is," said Maskur, the head of the Agam Maju Bersama coffee farmers' group, with a tone of resignation that has now been replaced with optimism.
Hope came when the Bungo KPHP (Farm and Farmers' Cooperative) came through the BioCarbon Fund (BioCF) funding program. This group of farmers received assistance in the form of coffee hulling and roasting machines, as well as training in coffee processing from upstream to downstream. The machines—though not as large as those owned by large factories—became a symbol of a change in fortune.
Now, they no longer sell raw coffee beans. They roast, grind, and package their own coffee. The same beans yield a world of difference. One kilogram of coffee can produce about 700 grams of ground coffee. If sold in 100-gram packages for Rp 19,000, their income increases manyfold.
Every two weeks, this group can produce 250 packets of ground coffee. This amount can generate nearly 4.75 million Rupiah. And this is no longer just a seasonal sale of unhusked rice, but a product that can be sold year-round.
More than just profit, this change has given the farmers a new sense of self-worth. They now know that their coffee is valuable and that they can process it themselves.
"Now, we no longer just plant and wait for the harvest. We also learn about taste, quality, and how to sell. This isn't just coffee, this is the future," Maskur continued proudly.
Laman Panjang Hamlet may be remote. But from here, the aroma of change is starting to spread. And like coffee that becomes more fragrant after being roasted, the farmers' enthusiasm is now strengthened—because they know they can move up a class.
According to Ir. H. Sepdinal, M.E., Head of the SNPMU BioCF ISFL Jambi Province, all entities with legal standing and operating in forest areas have the opportunity to receive performance-based funding (Result-Based Payment or RBP). However, the position of Remote Indigenous Communities (KAT) in this scheme still requires special attention, especially since most lack formal legal standing or a Decree (SK) from the local government.
"KAT can be included in the performance group, but because they lack legal standing, funds cannot be disbursed directly to the community. They need to collaborate with area managers such as Forest Management Units (KPH) or National Parks (TN)," explained Sepdinal.
In such circumstances, the Forest Management Unit (FMU) or National Park (TN) is obligated to help fund and foster the activities of the KAT within their jurisdiction. Meanwhile, for KAT living outside forest areas, assistance opportunities are more focused on village-based socio-economic allocations.
World Bank Standards and Principles
Yunasri Basri, from the BioCF Safeguards Division of the Jambi Province ISFL, explained that BioCF implementation must adhere to the World Bank's Environmental and Social Standards, which include socio-environmental impact assessments, biodiversity conservation, protection of indigenous communities, and preservation of cultural heritage.
Specifically for KAT, the national legal basis used is Ministerial Regulation No. 9 of 2012 and Ministerial Regulation No. 12 of 2015, which classify KAT into three categories:
Category 1: nomadic hunter-gatherer communities with minimal interaction with the outside world.
Category 2: shifting cultivators with limited interaction with the surrounding community.
Category 3: settled communities engaged in farming, fishing, or gardening.
However, various obstacles are still encountered in the field, ranging from a lack of accurate data, the absence of a clear benefit distribution scheme, to uncertainty regarding management areas.
Voices from the Regions: Conditions of Indigenous Peoples (KAT) in Regencies and Cities
Each regency in Jambi reports varying conditions for Indigenous Peoples (KAT).
Merangin Regency recorded 13 Indigenous Peoples (KAT) groups (Suku Anak Dalam/SAD) with a total of 1,267 people. Most still live in and around forest areas, with low levels of legality.
Sarolangun Regency has 507 Indigenous Peoples (KAT) families, most of whom are settled and have population data. In fact, some SAD members have worked in plantations, and some are members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police (Polri).
Tebo Regency has 1,146 Indigenous Peoples (KAT) spread across nine villages. There is also the Talang Mamak Tribe, which has settled and is categorized as Category 3.
Sungai Penuh City and Kerinci Regency are still in the process of clarifying their status, as the majority of their indigenous people are farmers around Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS).
Batanghari, West Tanjung Jabung, and East Tanjung Jabung Regencies also have indigenous groups with varying circumstances, from those still nomadic to those who are economically independent.
In Muaro Jambi Regency, 2,473 indigenous people are reported to have settled and have permanent jobs.
In addition to the government, NGOs such as KKI WARSI, Pundi Sumatera, and Gita Buana play an active role in assisting these communities, both in economic empowerment and advocacy for indigenous peoples' rights.
The Role of the Social Services Agency: Data Guardian and Primary Facilitator
Almost all discussion participants emphasized that the Social Services Agency (Dinsos) is the primary data guardian for the KAT (Regional and Indigenous Peoples) in each district/city. Dinsos is responsible for data collection, categorization, and coordination with the Forest Management Unit (KPH), National Parks, and other supporting institutions.
Yunasri Basri emphasized,
"The SNPMU only accepts data provided by Dinsos. We have no authority to intervene or change that data."
The Jambi Provincial Social Services Agency will be responsible for coordinating all data from districts/cities, while the Regency Social Services Agency will be the field implementer who interacts directly with the community.
Challenges and Hopes
From the various discussions, several key challenges emerged:
The lack of official legality (Governor's/Regent's Decree) for most KAT groups.
Data is incomplete and has not been separated by category and location (inside or outside forest areas).
Limited livelihood opportunities for KAT, especially in areas that are already entirely forested.
However, amid these challenges, various inspiring stories have emerged. Several SAD members in Merangin have continued their education to university. In Tebo, KAT Talang Mamak has begun collaborating with companies and NGOs to protect forests and develop economic enterprises.
Moving Forward: Synergy and Data Validation
This coordination meeting emphasized that the categorization of indigenous peoples (KAT) remains guided by Ministerial Regulation No. 9 of 2012, and that the Social Services Agency is the primary data provider. Data needs to be updated and separated by category and residential location.
Furthermore, follow-up meetings will be held involving the Forest Management Units (KPH) and National Parks in each district to ensure the validation of KAT data. It is hoped that all KAT in Jambi Province will be properly recorded and receive equitable and sustainable benefits from the BioCF program.
Conclusion
The initiative to collect data and strengthen the role of KAT in the BioCF ISFL program is not only about distributing aid, but also about ensuring that indigenous communities and forest communities have an equal place in sustainable development.
Through collaboration between the government, conservation institutions, and civil society organizations, Jambi strives to make the BioCF program not just an environmental project, but also a tangible manifestation of social justice for indigenous communities who have long protected the forests.
Tangerang, 12 June 2025 - The commitment of Jambi Province in climate action has now entered an important milestone with the completion of the Environmental and Social Due Diligence (ESDD) document for the Jambi Emission Reduction Program (JERP). This document serves as one of the main prerequisites for the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Forestry, and the Provincial Government of Jambi to access result-based payments (Result-Based Payment/RBP) from the World Bank through the BioCarbon Fund (BioCF) scheme in the Jambi Emission Reduction Program (JERP). Furthermore, this document emphasizes that efforts to reduce carbon emissions in Jambi Province are carried out fairly, transparently, and responsibly concerning social and environmental aspects.
ESDD is not just about emission numbers—it speaks of forests, indigenous communities, small farmers, and the ecological future in Jambi that is sustainable. This document is not merely an administrative requirement. It becomes proof of the province's responsibility towards social and environmental risks, as well as an important stepping stone towards a fair green transition.Thus, the results of the discussion that finalize the draft ESDD document were held in Tangerang, June 11-12. The preparation was carried out by the Jambi local government, the national and subnational Safeguard Team, as well as independent consultants. This activity was also attended by the Director of Climate Change Mitigation of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, accompanied by the Director of Resource Mobilization for Climate Change Control, and the Chair of the Subnational Project Management Unit (PMU) Jambi.
What is ESDD and What is its Function?
Environmental and Social Due Diligence (ESDD) is an assessment document aimed at evaluating the compatibility of emissions reduction program implementation with environmental and social protection standards. This document serves to: (1) assess compliance with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the 10 World Bank safeguard standards (ESS1–ESS10), (2) measure the effectiveness of risk management in the field, (3) identify systemic gaps in program implementation, and (4) determine readiness to receive results-based payments (RBP). ESDD is an important tool to ensure accountability, transparency, and inclusiveness in the climate agenda.
Process of Preparing ESDD Documents
The preparation of the ESDD JERP document has gone through a series of technical and consultative stages, starting from the initial meeting on March 18–19, 2025, which was then reinforced in follow-up sessions on May 14–15, 2025. This process involves stakeholders from various sectors at the national, provincial, and local levels.
This due diligence is not for administrative compliance but is a form of accountability of the Indonesian Government towards the social and environmental impacts arising from the JERP. Therefore, this activity needs to carefully sift through activity data and select 14 sampling activities that represent the overall approach.
This document is prepared based on three main components of the JERP Program outlined in the Emission Reduction Program Document (ERPD), namely: strengthening institutional frameworks and governance policies for forest/land; sustainable forest and land management and strengthening low-emission value chains; and program coordination, safeguard reporting, and grievance redress systems (FGRM). Evaluation of these three components is conducted through a retrospective approach, which includes document reviews, electronic surveys, thematic discussions, and consultations with over 4,300 stakeholders across 11 districts/cities in Jambi Province.
Each component is evaluated based on five main aspects: environmental and social risk management processes, approval mechanisms, stakeholder engagement, budget allocation, and information transparency.
Safeguard Instruments, FPIC, and FGRM
ESDD is also equipped with a Feedback and Grievance Redress Mechanism (FGRM) that allows the community, especially vulnerable groups, women, and indigenous communities, to express complaints transparently and safely. This FGRM becomes an important instrument in ensuring that the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) is implemented comprehensively.
The implementation of FPIC has been carried out in 230 villages spread across 10 districts/cities in Jambi Province during the 2022–2024 period, and it serves as an important foundation for the recognition of indigenous people's rights.
In terms of conservation, monitoring activities in areas of high conservation value (High Conservation Value/HCV) have been carried out through regular patrols and the installation of camera traps. Moving forward, these activities will be strengthened into a more effective and structured long-term monitoring system.
It is very important to see ESDD as an instrument for improvement, not just evaluation.
We cannot discuss climate success without addressing social justice. ESDD exists as a guarantor that no party will be sacrificed in the decarbonization agenda.
Strengthening REDD+ Synergy and Green Growth in Jambi
As part of the national REDD+ architecture, the implementation of the Joint Emission Reduction Program (JERP) demonstrates how a jurisdiction-based approach can have a real impact if supported by solid institutions and meaningful community involvement. This program also shows that strong safeguard mechanisms are not only important to meet donor requirements, but also serve as an essential tool to build trust between the government, indigenous communities, and development partners.
On the one hand, the Jambi Environmental Restoration Program (JERP) is also in line with the low-carbon development direction of Jambi Province, which has been outlined in the Green Growth Plan (GGP). The collaboration between local government, international partners, and local actors in the implementation of JERP strengthens the position of GGP as a sustainable development framework at the provincial level. With this synergy, Jambi is not only striving for emission targets but also ensuring that economic development and environmental protection can go hand in hand.
Editorial Note
The finalization of ESDD in Jambi Province marks not just an administrative milestone, but also substantial progress in the implementation of REDD+ safeguard principles in Indonesia. This document reflects how global climate policies can be concretely and operationally translated at the subnational level — by placing the rights of indigenous peoples, the involvement of vulnerable groups, and participatory governance as core foundations.
This success becomes a national learning model that demonstrates that carbon emission reduction programs are not just about numbers, but about ensuring social and environmental sustainability in a balanced way. With an operational grievance mechanism, strengthened legal recognition of customary rights, and the active role of local stakeholders, Jambi has now become one of the most tangible examples of how social justice can be at the heart of climate action. This is a form of green transition that is not only effective but also just.
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